Information onArgentina

Andes mountains facts:

Where are the Andes Mountains?

The Andes Mountains line the western edge of South America, from Venezuela all the way along Chile to South America's southern tip, crossing through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. There’s no other location on the surface of the Earth that is farther from the Earth’s centre than the peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes, located in Ecuador, Mount Chimborazo is a dormant volcano. It last erupted over 10 centuries ago.

How long is the Andes mountains range?

The Andes are the world's longest continental mountain range, about 9,000 km in all. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America, along that route, they cross through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia .The range is over 7,000 km (4,300 miles) long, 200 km (120 miles) to 700 km (430 miles) wide and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Over its length, the Andean range is split into several ranges, often two great ranges, named Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Occidental, often separated by an intermediate depression. The Andes Mountains extend over seven countries: Argentina (Mount Aconcagua), Bolivia (Huayna Potosi), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, known as Andean States.

How high are the Andes Mountains?

The average elevation in the Andes is about 13,000 feet (3,962 meters). The only mountains that are taller than the Andes are the Himalaya Mountains and their adjacent ranges, including the Hindu Kush.

Andes highest peak?

The highest elevation in the Andes is Mount Aconcagua in Argentina, which is 22,841 feet (6,962 m) above sea level.

What is the climate of the Andes Mountains?

Because the Andes act as a large wall between the Pacific Ocean and the continent, they have a tremendous impact on climate in the region. The northern part of the Andes is typically rainy and warm, and the weather is also wet in the eastern part of central Andes, and the area to the southwest. To the west, the dry climate is dominated by the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. The mountains form a rain cover over the eastern plains of Argentina, which have extremely dry weather.

How old are the Andes Mountains?

The Andes Mountains are over 50 million years old, they were created when the South American and Pacific tectonic plates collided. It is a collection of numerous mountain chains which join together in what are called orographic knots. The formation of the modern Andes began with the events of the Triassic and Jurassic when Pangea begun to break up and several rifts developed. It was during the Cretaceous period that the Andes began to take their present form, by the uplifting, faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rock of the ancient cratons to the east. The rise of the Andes has not been constant and different regions have had different degrees of tectonic stress, uplift, and weathering.

What plants grow in the Andes?

About 30,000 species of Vascular plants live in the Andes, vascular plants include the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). The small tree Cinchona pubescens, a source of quinine which is used to treat malaria, is found widely in the Andes as far south as Bolivia. Other important crops that came from the Andes are tobacco and potatoes. The high-altitude Polylepis forests and woodlands are found in the Andean places of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile. These trees are called Quenua by locals, Yagual and other names, can be found at altitudes of 4,500 m (14,760 ft) above sea level.

What crops are grown in the Andes?

In the valleys, maize was grown together with other crops of high food value, such as Andean grains (quinoa, amaranth), leguminous plants such as beans and lupins, and roots such as arracacha, yacón and chagos. Tomatoes and potatoes, two of the most prevalent food crops in the world, originated from the Andes. Peru, one of Andes host countries, is home to at least 3,800 different varieties of potatoes. It’s also worth noting that Coca leaves originated from the western slopes of the Andean mountains. Coca tea is a popular beverage in the high Andes, thanks to its effectiveness in relieving symptoms of altitude sickness.

What animals can be found in the Andes?

In the Andes about 3,700 species of animals can be found, including 500 species of mammals, 1,600 species of birds, 500 species of reptiles, and 300 species of fishes, and more than 100 species of amphibians. High mountains are a dreary habitat for wild life, so mammals living there have thick woolly fur.

What minerals are found in the Andes Mountains?

The Andes are one of the greatest sources of mineral wealth in the world. Andean mines account for more than 45 percent of the world's copper production, nearly 30 percent of the silver production, significant amounts of lead, zinc, gold and an array of industrial minerals and chemicals.

What is the population of the Andes?

The population in the Andes is estimated at 84,500,000 people with 44% located in the Andean countries. Therefore, it is estimated that a third of people living in South America live in the Andes especially in major cities. The inhabitants of the Ecuadorian Andes are mainly Quechua speakers and mestizos, in the south there are small groups of Canaris and in the north, Salasacas. Agriculture (corn, potatoes, broad beans) is the main occupation, some Indian inhabitants engage in ceramics and weaving.

When is the best time to visit the Andes?

December to March is the rainy season in the Andes, The best time to visit the Andes is in May to Oct, when it is cooler (particularly the further south you go) but dry, with the best chance of blue skies and breath taking clear views. Temperatures in the Andes depend more on altitude than on season. The Andes are one of the most sought after travel destinations in South America, especially for tourists who love high-altitude expeditions. These mountain ranges offer a playground for myriad outdoor adventures, including mountain climbing, stargazing, hiking, cycling, white water rafting, skiing, and horse riding.

Aconcagua is a must climb for anyone looking to stand on the tallest points of each continent, please contact us with any questions you may have about exploring the Andes, or explore our website, you may also be interested in; Aconcagua routes, Aconcagua weather, health and altitude.

Adventure Alternative. MD Gavin Bate, exploring the Andes. 

Famous peaks in the Andes

• Aconcagua, Argentina: The highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere, 6961m high, The so-called Sentinel of Stone is up in the northern section of the Andean range.
• Ojos del Salado, Chile/Argentina: At 6893m, this is the second highest of the Andes but the highest volcano in the world and a tough (and cold) but not technically demanding peak, deep in the Atacama Desert.
• Chimborazo, Ecuador: A very popular and quite challenging climb, though not technical, this peak boasts the fact that its summit is the farthest point from the centre of the Earth because of where it lies on the bulge of the equator. It's actual height is 6263m.
• Huascarán, Peru: the highest in Peru and 3rd highest in the Americas, this peak is 6768m and a more technically demanding climb on snow.
• Yerupajá, Peru: at 6617m high, this mountain is a great mountaineering challenge, especially the infamous south face.
• Mercedario, Argentina: At 6720m, this is one of the highest peaks in the Cordillera de la Ramada.
• Illimani, Bolivia: A popular peak near La Paz at 6438m, this mountain is not so technically demanding.
• Coropuna, Peru: A high volcano at 6425m, this peak is also the third-highest peak in the country.
• Tupungato, Argentina/Chile: Another popular peak at 6570m, this mountain presents not so many technical challenges.
• Monte Pissis, Argentina: Third highest in the Andes at 6793m, this is another volcanic giant like so many peaks in the range. 
• Ampato, Peru: Ampato is a dormant 6288m stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, famous for the discovery of the Inca mummy, Juanita, or the Ice Maiden, which was found by archaeologist Johan Reinhard and mountain guide Miguel Zarate in 1995.

Famous Treks in the Andes

Argentina

• Aconcagua Trek
• El Chaltén Trails
• Villa O’Higgins to El Chaltén
• Sierra de las Quijadas National Park

Colombia

• Cocora Valley
• Ciudad Perdida (Lost City) Trek

Chile

• Torres del Paine Circuit

Ecuador

• Cotopaxi Volcano
• Quilotoa Loop

Brazil

• Caminho das Missões

Peru

• Cordillera Huayhuash
• Santa Cruz Trek
• Inca Trail
• Ausangate Trek
• Choquequirao Trek
• Salkantay Trek
• Laguna 69
• Huayhuash Circuit
• Colca Canyon, Peru

Great Adventures in the Andes! 

Other Great Peaks and Treks with Adventure Alternative outside of the Andes

Mount Kilimanjaro

Mount Everest

Mount Kenya

Trek to Everest Base Camp

About Mendoza

Mendoza is a fantastic place to visit, very lively and beautiful. It is definitely worth a few days exploring. You can go on wine tours or just enjoy the nightlife which is exceptional. Some restaurants are wonderful and the ice cream is world-beating. Near the hotel that we use before climbing Mount Aconcagua, is a large supermarket which sells anything you may need. There is also a gear rental shop opposite the hotel where you can buy or rent almost anything you may need for your trip.

Mendoza is the capital city of the Mendoza Province, in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. Ruta Nacional 7, which is the major road running between Buenos Aires and Santiago, runs through Mendoza. The city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to Mount Aconcagua and for adventure travellers interested in mountaineering, hiking, horseback riding, rafting, and other sports. In the winter, skiers come to the city for its easy access to the Andes.

Two of the main industries of Mendoza area are olive oil production and winemaking. The region around Greater Mendoza is the largest wine producing area in Latin America. As such, Mendoza is one of nine cities worldwide in the network of the Great Capitals of Wine, and the city is an emerging wine tourism destination and base for exploring the hundreds of wineries in the region.

Travel facts for Argentina

Do I need a Visa?
A visa is not required, unless you are staying for more than 90 days.

When is the best time of the year to visit Argentina?
Travellers should be prepared for unpredictable weather at any time of year. Most travellers consider the warmer months of November to March to be the best time to visit Argentina however when it comes to climbing Aconcagua the best season is December and January.

What vaccinations do I need?
No vaccinations are required for entry but it is generally recommended that travellers should have a hepatitis A vaccination. Travel advice regularly changes so it is best to confirm with your doctor or travel clinic.

What's the currency of Argentina?                                                                                    
The currency is the Peso, which can be pre-ordered from your bank or you can change any mainstream foreign currency on arrival. ATM’s and card payments are also widely accepted in towns or cities.

What are some basic Argentine traits?
Most Argentines are primarily of European descent, which separates them from other Latin American countries where European and Indian cultures are more mixed.  Culturally and emotionally, Argentines often seem more European than Latin American with a warm, enthusiastic and expressive communicative style.

What is the time difference and phone code for Argentina?
Argentine time is GMT/UTC minus 3 hours and the international code for dialling to Argentina is 0054.

Are prices set in Argentina, or can we expect to haggle?
Generally the price you see is the price you pay, however on occasion it is possible to seek out the best deal particularly when buying souvenirs.

Time Zone: Local time in all of Argentina is three time zones west of GMT, which is – 3 hours.

Money: The official currency is the Argentinean Peso, although the US Dollar is widely accepted. Sterling and Euros are also easily exchanged. Maximum USD $100 able to withdraw from ATM’s.

Language: Argentina and Chile’s official language is Spanish. English is spoken at most agencies, hotels and information centres. The Spanish is slightly different to European Spanish but spoken slower.

Power Supply: 220 volts, 50 hertz, most hotels have American and European shaving sockets or a combination of European/Australian sockets so it is worth bringing an adaptor with two flat blades.

Mendoza has plenty of supermarkets which sell any kind of base food and we will buy our mountain supplies here. Noodles, rice, oats, muesli, milk powder, chocolate etc. are all available. You can purchase all types of trail food, chocolate and sweets here, so there is no need to bring anything from home.

Practical Information for Visitors to Argentina

Below are a few practical items to keep in mind before you travel to Argentina.

Argentina Visa Information

Visas are not required to enter Argentina unless your stay exceeds 90 days. However, do check with your home country and the Argentina visa requirements for your specific requirements, as they can change at any time. 

Where do I Arrive When Visiting Argentina?

Most international arrivals will arrive in Buenos Aires at the Ministro Pistarini International Airport (EZE). You can choose to explore the wonderful city of Buenas Aires or continue onward to Mendoza via the Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport (MDZ).  

Will I Be Able to Contact Home While I Am Away?

Argentine time is GMT/UTC – 3 hours. The country code for Argentina is +54. International roaming rates can be uneconomical, be sure to check with your local carrier prior to your arrival. Consider downloading WhatsApp, a free internet-based texting and calling service to keep in touch with loved ones. Wi-Fi is available in most hotels and cafes in large cities and small towns. The connection may not be the speed you are used to, but much of the country has internet.

Cellular service is reliable in major cities and smaller towns have reliable cell phone service. However, as is the case with most mountainous areas, cellular service is spotty in the mountains. Be prepared to be unconnected with climbing or trekking in the Andes.

What vaccinations do I need?

Although no specific vaccinations are currently required on Aconcagua we advise that you schedule an appointment with a health professional prior to visiting Argentina, especially if you plan on visiting other areas in Argentina as certain vaccinations and malarial medication are required for certain areas.

Do plan on bringing any prescriptions you may require during your stay. Although you can obtain ordinary over the counter medicine at a pharmacy, we advise that you carry any prescriptions with you.

What is the Quality of Medical Facilities in Argentina?

Argentina has good medical facilities that are capable of handling most medical issues. Hospitals have doctors that often have overseas training. Medical care in rural areas can be hit or miss, but overall the quality is deemed acceptable.

Although we do not anticipate any problems during your time in Argentina, accidents do happen in the mountains. We require that you carry traveller’s insurance that covers a helicopter evacuation at the altitude you will be climbing and the activity you will be doing. For more information see our Travel Insurance page.

Will I have Access to an ATM in Argentina?

ATMs are widely available throughout Argentina. Many banks in the country are recognised throughout the world. Citibank in Buenos Aires seems to be the best ATMs that do not have excessive fees or only allow small withdrawals. It’s best to withdraw money from an actual bank instead of inside an establishment, as the fees tend to be lower and the amount allowed to withdraw is higher. Some ATMs called Banelco charge a $5 service fee and only allow you to take out the equivalent of $200USD, which can be a maddening experience.

Credit cards are widely accepted at most major hotels and restaurants. However, smaller establishments will often give you a better rate if you pay in cash or are cash only. Taxis also require cash, so it’s wise to have cash on hand.

What can I expect from toilet facilities?

Western-style toilets are the norm in most areas of Argentina. Along mountain and climbing routes, there are some toilets and pay toilets in the lower camps. At higher camps, facilities are not available and you are expected to bag your waste.

We advise that you bring your own toilet paper and hand sanitizer. Bathrooms ranges in quality on the mountain. To make life easier for females, consider using a “Shewee” or plastic device that allows women to urinate standing up. A wee-rag is another handy tool that helps cut down on paper waste. Simply wipe after a number one and affix the bandana or rag to your pack or tent to dry and sanitize. For menstrual issues, consider using a cup instead of tampons or pads. This also cuts down on pack-out waste and makes life simpler on the mountain.

What is the Water Quality in Argentina?

The tap water is potable in Buenos Aires, however many people find it unpleasant. If you are concerned, bring a way to filter and sterilize the water, such as a SteriPEN, bag filter, or tablets. You will need to sterilize water while you are trekking and climbing.

Culture of Argentina

Many of our Mount Aconcagua climbers love to explore the culture of Argentina, which varies widely across the different ethnic groups and the immigrants that settled there. Largely influenced by Spanish, Italian and other European backgrounds, modern Argentina is a modge podge of European meets American Indian. This unique blend gives Argentina its distinctive cultural flair. For example, Buenos Aires is often referred to as “little Europe” because it is home to fantastic European architecture in a South American setting.

Religion

Although native Indians once dominated Argentina, the onset of European settlers drove Argentina to be a majority Roman Catholic. Catholic holidays are observed on the national calendar and churches can be found almost everywhere. In fact, the current pope is Argentinian.

Dress

Argentina is one of the more fashion-forward countries in Latin America. People dress smart and in fashion for the season. Argentina isn’t as conservative with dress like other nations. However, if you do plan on visiting churches, be respectful. In more rural ranching areas, fashion trends towards more traditional gaucho or cowboy dress.

Unique etiquette

On the whole, Argentinians are direct and blunt. They are warm people who often communicate in close contact with one another. It is not uncommon to have little physical distance between speakers. When meeting people from Argentina a handshake with eye contact will do. If there is a third party, wait to be introduced.

If you are invited into an Argentine home dress well (wear a tie or dress) and arrive 30-45 minutes later than expected. Being on time in Argentina is not considered normal. Bring a small gift, but nothing like a knife or scissors, as this is a symbol of cutting ties.

When dining, wait for the host to tell you where to sit. Always keep your hands visible and do not put your elbows on the table. Wait for a toast before you drink. Also, it is considered okay to leave a small portion of food on your plate when you are finished.

Food and drink

Argentina knows good food and drink. The culinary ingredients of South America met the flavors of Europe in Argentina. The result was magic. Empanadas are a popular snack in the region and throughout South America. Essentially a stuffed meat pastry, these tasty snacks are sure to satisfy your hunger.

Asado, or an array of BBQ’d meats are a staple of every Argentine diet. Argentina is the highest consumer of red meat in the world and to many, Asado is their national dish. Vegetarians will have a hard time here, as the concept is not well understood in Argentine culture.

As for drink, there is, of course, wine. Argentina contains the largest wine industry outside of Europe and is the fifth largest wine producer in the world. One of the more famous regions is the Mendoza region, home of the Malbec. Malbecs are rich reds that have more earthy tones. Another famous Argentine drink is Mate. Traditional in many South American countries, Mate is made with dried leaves of Yerba Mate. The drink contains mateine, which is similar to caffeine. Traditionally this drink is served in a hollow calabash gourd and served with a “bombilla” or special metallic straw. The drink is strong and produces effects similar to espresso.

Haggling

Haggling is not customary in Argentina. However, if you are buying items in bulk, you might be able to ask for a discount. Remember, others need to make a living too. However, if something is extremely over-priced, buying it will only encourage vendors to overcharge. 

Tipping

Tipping 1-5 pesos at hotels is considered acceptable. For restaurants, a 10% tip is appreciated for good service. In taxis, simply round up your fair or leave a few pieces of change.

Tipping your guide and porter is certainly welcomed, but not required. 

Sustainability

Here at Adventure Alternative we always promote sustainable tourism practices. We believe in treating your water instead of relying on disposable plastic bottles. In the mountains where there are no toilet facilities, we require you to pack out your waste. Furthermore, we encourage you to go one step further and use cloth bags for your shopping, cutting down on the use of disposable plastic bags. Be aware of what you are buying and the packaging it is in. Together, we can make a difference and minimize our impact on the planet.

Festivals

Annual holidays include holidays recognized by the Catholic church, such as Christmas and Easter. However, Argentina has several other holidays and festivals to note.

• San Antonio de Areco Gaucho: The Gaucho Festival held in November in the town of Parque Criollo
• Gualeguaychu Festival: held in January and February the town of Gualeguaychu has a colorful festival filled with parades, dancing, and live music.
• Tilcara Carnival Festival: The Carnival festival of Tilcara lasts nine days and celebrates Earth. People believe that the devil takes possession of their souls during this time so people let loose.
• Buenos Aires Tango Festival: Every march people from all over Argentina come to the capital to celebrate tango.
• Buenos Aires International Independent Film Festival: A 10-day festival in May that celebrates the indy film scene.
• Buenos Aires Contemporary Art Fair: This exhibit in late May celebrates the extensive contemporary art scene in the capital
• Independence Day: Held July 9^th, this festival marks the emancipation from Spain. It is a patriotic festival.
• Tango Word Championships: August is tango season. This competition is held in Buenos Aires every year
• Semana Musical Llao Llao: In November, the town of Bariloche celebrates classical music with performances from artists world-wide.
• Buenos Aires Gay Parade: There is a large gay population in Buenos Aires. Every November is pride festival.